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Ukrainianising your computer:

Tux (Linux logo)Linux, BSD Daemon Copyright 1988 by Marshall Kirk McKusick. All Rights Reserved.BSD, OpenSolaris logo Solaris based systems

Ukrainian for X11 (normal desktop)

Your system should already be set for reading and writing Ukrainian, including the the use of Ukrainian filenames. You shouldn't need to install any extra software.

To type in Ukrainian, all you will need to do is enable a Ukrainian keyboard layout. There are several Ukrainian XKeyboard layouts to choose from, including a standard ua and a ua(homophonic) layout for US keyboards (as used in Australia).

ua(homophonic) keyboard layout
ua(homophonic) keyboard layout
If the homophonic layout is not available on your computer, please update your system - the layout was introduced with this commit, and was released with xkeyboard-config 1.3. To contribute improvements to this layout, please contact me or submit a patch to XKeyboardConfig.

1. Open System Settings by selecting it from the Kicker menu (below left), KRunner (below right) or running systemsettings from a command line.

Click on the K menu button (or menu button for your distribution), then click on System Settings. Press Alt+F2 to bring up the KRunner, then begin typing System Settings. Select it from the list as shown, and click on it.

2. Select Region & Language from System Settings, and then select Keyboard Layout from the left-hand panel.


↓

3. Double-click on Ukraine in the keyboard layout list, to add it to the list of active layouts.

4. (Optional) Select a variant, by selecting Ukraine in the active layout list on the right, clicking on Layout variant:, then selecting a variant from the drop-down list. The default layout is suitable for standard Ukrainian keyboards, and the Homophonic and Phonetic layouts for US-style keyboards.

5. Click Apply to activate the Ukrainian layout. To switch between keyboard layouts, click the indicator on the system tray or press Ctrl+Alt+K. You can define alternate keyboard shortcuts (like Shift+Alt) by selecting the Advanced tab at the top, then checking options under "Key(s) to change layout". Press Apply to apply any further changes.

The following can be added to your xorg.conf, or (X.Org Server 1.8 or higher) as a configuration file in your xorg.conf.d subdirectory:
Option "XkbLayout" "layouts"
Option "XkbVariant" "variants"
Option "XkbOptions" "xkb options"
where layouts is a comma-separated list of layout names and variants is a corresponding comma-separated list of variants (blank for default/no variant). An -option switch may be added to specify additional xkb options, such as key combinations to switch layouts.

For example, to enable the US default, Ukrainian homophonic and Serbian Latin layouts and set Alt+Shift as the keyboard shortcut to switch between layouts, use:
Option "XkbLayout" "us,ua,rs"
Option "XkbVariant" ",homophonic,latin"
Option "XkbOptions" "grp:alt_shift_toggle"
See /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/xorg for a list of valid XkbOptions parameters.

If your X Server uses HAL to control input, you may need to create a HAL fdi file instead. Look under /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/, and find a keymap.fdi that you can modify then copy to your HAL fdi policy directory (usually /etc/hal/fdi/policy/. Look for a line similar to one of the following (varies with distribution):
<merge key="input.xkb.layout" type="string">us</merge>
<merge key="input.x11_options.XkbLayout" type="string">us</merge>
This corresponds to the XkbLayout option for xorg.conf files described above, with the option value appearing in between <merge > and </merge>. You fill find similar fdi keys below for XkbVariant and XkbOptions. You may need to restart HAL for changes to take effect.

setxkbmap can be called directly to map active keyboard layouts. Use setxkbmap -layout layouts -variant variants, where layouts is a comma-separated list of layout names and variants is a corresponding comma-separated list of variants (blank for default/no variant). An -option switch may be added to specify additional xkb options, such as key combinations to switch layouts. For example, to enable the US default, Ukrainian homophonic and Serbian Latin layouts and set Alt+Shift as the keyboard shortcut to switch between layouts, one would run:

setxkbmap -layout us,ua,rs -variant ,homophonic,latin -option grp:alt_shift_toggle See /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/xorg for a list of valid XkbOptions parameters.

Specifying only one layout immediately switches the user to that layout.

Warning: If only a Ukrainian layout is active, it will be impossible to type the necessary commands to switch to a Latin (e.g. US) layout - paste setxkbmap -layout us into your terminal to switch back, or place a Ukrainian-named switching script in your path.

Run man setxkbmap and setxkbmap -help for more details.

Ukrainian for tty

A Ukrainian terminal font is required to display Ukrainian text; cyr-sun16 is a popular choice. Use your distribution's method for setting this as the tty font. On a Linux-based system, SYSFONT=/path/to/cyr-sun16.psfu.gz can be appended to a kernel param line or setfont path/to/cyr-sun16.psfu.gz can change the font on one tty.

loadkeys can be used to change the tty keyboard layout. Note that this changes the layout for all ttys - use with caution. There is currently no Ukrainian homophonic layout for the tty, though a Linux layout is being worked on.